Guide

Prendre conjugation: the French verb to take, tense by tense

One n in prenons, two in prennent, and a d where you expect a t.

Prendre conjugation looks simple until the plural: je prends and nous prenons, then ils prennent with two n. Prendre means to take, but it also covers having a coffee, catching a train and making a decision, so it appears in almost every conversation.

Below are the common tenses of prendre in tables and lists, the rule for one n or two, the verbs that conjugate the same way, such as apprendre and comprendre, the everyday expressions built on prendre, and the mistakes learners make most often.

1. Prendre present tense: je prends, nous prenons, ils prennent

Je prends, tu prends and il prend share one sound. The plural changes the stem: prenons and prenez with one n, prennent with two.

SubjectPrendreExample
jeprendsJe prends le bus à huit heures.
tuprendsTu prends du sucre ?
il, elle, onprendElle prend des notes.
nousprenonsNous prenons le temps de relire.
vousprenezVous prenez la première rue à droite.
ils, ellesprennentIls prennent leurs vacances en juillet.

The third person singular ends in d, not t: il prend, elle prend, on prend. Prendre keeps the d of its infinitive, like vendre (il vend) and attendre (il attend). That d is silent, so je prends, tu prends and il prend sound exactly the same.

In nous prenons and vous prenez, the first e is barely heard, as in le. In ils prennent, it is open, as in mère, and the word ends on the n sound: the final -ent is silent.

2. Prendre passé composé: j'ai pris, with avoir

Prendre takes avoir in the passé composé, and its past participle is pris:

The s of pris is silent in the masculine. You hear it when the participle agrees in the feminine: la décision que j'ai prise, les photos qu'elle a prises. With avoir, the participle agrees only with a direct object placed before the verb, as explained on the page about past participle agreement with avoir. Otherwise it stays pris: elle a pris le train.

The plus-que-parfait uses the imparfait of avoir: j'avais pris, ils avaient pris.

3. Prendre imparfait and future tense: je prenais, je prendrai

The imparfait is built on the stem pren-, taken from nous prenons, with one n throughout:

Quand j'étais petit, je prenais le car pour aller à l'école.

The future keeps the infinitive and drops its final e, which gives the stem prendr-:

The conditional uses the same stem with the imparfait endings: je prendrais, tu prendrais, il prendrait, nous prendrions, vous prendriez, ils prendraient. Demain, je prendrai le train de sept heures. À ta place, je prendrais un parapluie.

4. Prendre subjunctive, imperative and passé simple

The present subjunctive doubles the n wherever the ending is silent:

Il faut que tu prennes une décision. Je préfère qu'ils prennent le métro. Que nous prenions and que vous preniez look like the imparfait, and only the sentence tells them apart. Which expressions call for the subjunctive is covered on the page about subjunctive or indicative.

The imperative has three forms: prends, prenons, prenez. Prends ton manteau ! Prenez votre temps.

In books you will meet the passé simple: je pris, tu pris, il prit, nous prîmes, vous prîtes, ils prirent. Elle prit son sac et sortit.

5. One n or two: prenons or prennent

Most written mistakes on prendre come from this point. The rule is the same in every tense: the n doubles when the ending after it is silent, and stays single when the ending is pronounced.

Saying the word helps: in prennent the vowel is open and you hear the n, while in prenons the e almost disappears. Venir and tenir follow the same pattern: ils viennent but nous venons, ils tiennent but nous tenons. Other cases are listed on the page about French double consonants.

6. Verbs like prendre: apprendre, comprendre, surprendre

Every verb built on prendre follows exactly the same pattern, double n and participle in -pris included:

Once prendre is right, these follow with no extra work: Mes élèves apprennent vite. Est-ce que vous comprenez la question ? Nous avons repris le travail lundi.

7. Expressions with prendre: prendre le train, prendre une décision

Prendre translates to take, but English often uses another verb. These are the expressions you will hear most:

FrenchEnglishExample
prendre le train, le busto take the train, the busJe prends le train pour Lyon.
prendre une décisionto make a decisionIl faut prendre une décision ce soir.
prendre un caféto have a coffeeOn prend un café après le cours ?
prendre rendez-vousto make an appointmentJ'ai pris rendez-vous chez le dentiste.
prendre froidto catch a coldCouvre-toi, tu vas prendre froid.
ça prend du tempsit takes timeApprendre une langue, ça prend du temps.

Se prendre pour, s'en prendre à

The pronominal forms change the meaning: il se prend pour un expert (he thinks he is an expert), elle s'en prend toujours à son frère (she always takes it out on her brother).

8. Common mistakes with prendre

The short version

Je prends, il prend, nous prenons, ils prennent in the present; j'ai pris with avoir; je prenais, je prendrai, que je prenne. Two n only when the ending is silent, and a d, never a t, in il prend. Apprendre and comprendre work the same way. These forms look right at a glance even when they are wrong, so the real test is writing them: a few sentences from dictation in Apostrophe· will show which ones still slip.

Frequently asked questions

What is prendre in the present tense?

Je prends, tu prends, il prend, nous prenons, vous prenez, ils prennent. Il prend ends in d, and ils prennent has two n.

What is the passé composé of prendre?

J'ai pris, tu as pris, il a pris, nous avons pris, vous avez pris, ils ont pris. Prendre takes avoir, and the participle becomes prise in the feminine when it agrees.

What is the subjunctive of prendre?

Que je prenne, que tu prennes, qu'il prenne, que nous prenions, que vous preniez, qu'ils prennent. The n is doubled in every form except nous and vous.

Is it il prend or il prent?

Il prend. Prendre keeps the d of its infinitive in the third person singular, like vendre (il vend) and attendre (il attend).

Is it prenons or prennons?

Nous prenons, with one n. The n is doubled only when the ending after it is silent, as in ils prennent.

Which verbs are conjugated like prendre?

Every verb built on it: apprendre, comprendre, surprendre, reprendre and entreprendre. They share the endings, the double n and a past participle in -pris: appris, compris, repris.

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